Dance, the Brain, and Mental Health: What the Research Shows

It was from lived experience that Formation approached movement the way we did. Each hour I spent in a dance class felt like a lifeline to emotions other than the sad ones. As I explored why dance was helping me so much, what I learned was no surprise. Let’s start with exercise in general. Studies show that physical activity can be as effective as antidepressant medication for treating depression in some cases, often improving mood more quickly and with fewer side effects

One key mechanism involves brain-derived neurotrophic factor, or BDNF. Exercise stimulates the release of BDNF, a protein that supports the growth and flexibility of brain cells, particularly in the hippocampus, a region linked to memory and emotional regulation. Lower BDNF levels are commonly observed in people with depression and anxiety, making this pathway especially relevant.

Dance adds an emotional and attentional layer that many forms of exercise lack. Because dancing requires constant focus on rhythm, movement, and coordination, it naturally interrupts rumination. It’s difficult to replay stress or worry when your attention is fully occupied by movement and music.

Importantly, recreational dance, not competitive performance, appears most beneficial. Competitive environments elevate cortisol, a stress hormone that can suppress immune function. Dancing for enjoyment keeps stress hormones lower while preserving the psychological benefits. Dance, then, isn’t just mood-boosting. It actively supports the brain systems involved in emotional resilience and recovery.

Reference: Dancing Is the Best Medicine: The Science of How Moving to a Beat Is Good for Body, Brain, and Soul by Julia F. Christensen, Dong-Seon Chang